Diversity of parasitoids (Hymenoptera) associated with tephritids (Diptera) parasitising cucurbits in two agroecological zones of Cameroon, Central Africa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17159/Keywords:
parasitoid hymenoptera, Dacus spp., biological control, Braconidae, Koinobiont, Psyttalia perproxima, CucurbitsAbstract
Many parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) parasitise tephritids (Diptera), but little is known about the influence of host plants on this parasitism in sub-Saharan Africa. From June 2008 to January 2011, a study was conducted at three localities in two agroecological zones of Cameroon (Central Africa): Ngoa-Ekelé and Olembé (Southern Plateau) and Koutaba (Western Highlands), to assess the guild of parasitoids and their parasitism on tephritids attacking cucurbits. Data were collected on 3 249 fruits attacked of nine cucurbit species, from which were identified: 45 575 tephritids belonging to four species (Dacus bivittatus, D. ciliatus, D. punctatifrons, and D. vertebratus) and 3 330 parasitoids belonging to four families and 11 species of Hymenoptera. Most of the parasitoids collected were solitary koinobionts (mainly Braconidae - Opiinae (> 50%) and Eulophidae). The parasitism rate varied significantly between the localities (p < 0.001), with the lowest value obtained in Koutaba (4.98 ± 0.68%) and Ngoa-Ekelé (9.68 ± 0.54%), areas characterised by high agricultural activity and urbanisation respectively, and the highest in Olembé (23.93 ± 1.80%), a more natural area. Psyttalia perproxima and Tetrastichus dacicida were numerically abundant in all three localities, followed by Fopius spp. and Phaenocarpa sp. in Olembé. Regardless of the study localities, D. bivittatus and D. ciliatus were dominant and were parasitised by most of the parasitoids. Species richness and parasitism rates were higher on Cucurbita moschata fruits, while no parasitoid emerged from Sechium edule fruits. From a biological control perspective, the tephritid-parasitoid association was species-rich and included many potential tephritid biological control agents.
Downloads
References
Aeri V, Kaushik U, Mir SR. 2015. Cucurbitacins – An insight into medicinal leads from nature. Pharmacognosy Review 9: 12–18. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.156314.
Badii KB, Billah MK, Afreh-Nuamah K, Obeng-Ofori D, Nyarko G. 2016. Preliminary inventory of hymenopteran parasitoids associated with fruit-infesting flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Northern Ghana. Int J Pest Manag 62: 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2016.1174318.
Badii KB, Billah MK, Afreh Nuamah K, Obeng Ofori D, Nyarko G. 2015. Review of the pest status, economic impact and management of fruit-infesting flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Africa. Afr J Agric Res 10: 1488–1498. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2014.9278.
Chomicki G, Schaefer H, Renner SS. 2020. Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics, and archaeology. New Phytol 226: 1240–1255. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16015.
Copeland R, Wharton R, Luke Q, De Meyer M, Lux S, Zenz N, Machera P, Okumu M. 2006. Geographic distribution, host fruit, and parasitoids of African fruit fly pests Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis cosyra, Ceratitis fasciventris,and Ceratitis rosa (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kenya. Ann Entomol Soc Am 99: 261–278. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2006)099[0261:GDHFAP]2.0.CO;2.
Dajoz R. 1982. Précis d’écologie. Paris: Bordas.
De Meyer M, Quilici S, Franck A, Chadhouliati AC, Issimaila MA, Youssoufa MA, Abdoul-Karime A-L, Barbet A, Attié M, White IM. 2012. Records of frugivorous fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) from the Comoro Archipelago. Afri Invertebr 53: 69–77.
De Meyer M, Delatte H, Mwatawala M, Quilici S, Vayssières J-F, Virgilio M. 2015. A review of the current knowledge on Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Africa, with a list of species included in Zeugodacus. ZooKeys 540: 539–557. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.540.9672.
Dhillon MK, Singh R, Naresh JS, Sharma HC. 2005. The melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae: A review of its biology and management. J Insect Sci 5: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/5.1.40.
Dias N, Zotti M, Montoya P, Carvalho I, Nava D. 2018. Fruit fly management research: A systematic review of monitoring and control tactics in the world. Crop Prot 112: 187–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2018.05.019.
Djiéto-Lordon C, Aléné DC, Reboul J. 2007. Contribution à la connaissance des insectes associés aux cultures maraîchères dans les environs de Yaoundé – Cameroun. Cam J Biol Biochem Sc 15:1–13.
Doorenweerd C, Leblanc L, Norrbom AL, San Jose M, Rubinoff D. 2018. A global checklist of the 932 fruit fly species in the tribe Dacini (Diptera, Tephritidae). ZooKeys 730: 19–56. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.730.21786.
Garcia FRM, Ovruski SM, Suárez L, Cancino J, Liburd OE. 2020. Biological Control of Tephritid Fruit Flies in the Americas and Hawaii: A Review of the Use of Parasitoids and Predators. Insects 11: 662. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11100662.
Gomina M, Vayssières J-F, Kasseney BD, Glitho IA, Amevoin K. 2020. Diversity of parasitoids associated with fruit flies on cultivated and wild plants in southern Togo. Int J Trop Insect Sci 40: 887–898. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00147-2.
Haran J, Delvare G, Vayssieres J-F, Benoit L, Cruaud P, Rasplus J-Y, Cruaud A. 2018. Increasing the utility of barcode databases through high-throughput sequencing of amplicons from dried museum specimens, an example on parasitic Hymenoptera (Braconidae). Biol Control 122: 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.04.001.
Haran J, Grove T, van Noort S, Benoit L, Addison P. 2019. Natural biocontrol of fruit flies in indigenous hosts: A perspective for population control in the agroecosystem. Biol Control 137:104022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.104022.
Ifeoluwapo A. 2019. Urban Horticulture in Sub-Saharan Africa. In: Intech (Ed.), Urban Horticulture – Necessity of the Future. Ibadan: National Horticultural Research Institute. pp. 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90722.
Kadio EAA, Aboua LRN, Seri-Kouassi PB, Koua KH, Hala N, Vayssières JF. 2011. Inventory of parasitoids for a biological control of fruits flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Côte d’Ivoire. Res Biol 1: 467–476.
Latimer AM. 2014. Species Diversity. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118445112.stat07772.
Layodé BFR, Onzo A, Karlsson MF. 2020. Watermelon-infesting Tephritidae fruit fly guild and parasitism by Psyttalia phaeostigma (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Int J Trop Insect Sci 40:157–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-019-00066-x.
Leonel FL Junior, Zucchi RA, Wharton RA. 1995. Distribution and tephritid hosts (Diptera) of braconid parasitoids (Hymenoptera) in Brazil. Int J Pest Manag 41: 208–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670879509371951.
Mahat K. 2020. Fruit fly parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae) of south-east Queensland: abundance, interaction, and adaptive mechanisms in a complex environment. PhD Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
Mahmoud MEE, Mohamed SA, Khamis FM, Basher MAI, Ekesi S. 2019. The role of Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Eulophidae: Hymenoptera) in natural control of Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Tephritidae: Diptera) and its temporal abundance in Sudan. Bulletin EPPO 49:359–363. https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12581.
Manrakhan A, Nadel H, Middleton MC, Daane KM. 2010. Fruit fly parasitoids in coffee in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Biocontrol Sci Technol 20: 621–624. https://doi.org/10.1080/09583151003692883.
Miranda de Sousa MDS, de Deus E, Lima AL, Ramos de Jesus C, Vilar da Costa Neto S, do Nascimento Lemos L, Mendes Malhado AC, Ladle RJ, Adaime R. 2021. Spondias mombin as a reservoir of fruit fly parasitoid populations in the Eastern Amazon: an undervalued ecosystem service. PeerJ 9: 11530. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11530.
Mohamed SA, Ramadan MM, Ekesi S. 2016. In and Out of Africa: Parasitoids Used for Biological Control of Fruit Flies. In: Ekesi S, Mohamed S, De Meyer M (editors), Fruit Fly Research and Development in Africa Towards a Sustainable Management Strategy to Improve Horticulture. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 325–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43226-7_16
Mokam DG, Djiéto-Lordon C, Bilong Bilong CF. 2014. Patterns of species richness and diversity of insects associated with cucurbit fruits in the southern part of Cameroon. J Insect Sci 14: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieu110.
Mokam DG, Djiéto-Lordon C, Bilong Bilong C-F, Lumaret J-P. 2018. Host susceptibility and pest status of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) attacking cucurbits in two agroecological zones of Cameroon, Central Africa. Afri Entomol 26: 317–332.
Mondal B, Mondal CK, Mondal P. 2020. An Introduction to Cucurbits. In: Stresses of Cucurbits: Current Status and Management. Singapore: Springer. p. 1–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7891-5_1.
Muriithi BW, Gathogo NG, Diiro GM, Mohamed SA, Ekesi S. 2020. Potential adoption of integrated pest management strategy for suppression of mango fruit flies in East Africa: An Ex Ante and Ex Post Analysis in Ethiopia and Kenya. Agriculture 10: 278–300.
Mwatawala M, Kudra A, Mkiga A, Godfrey E, Jeremiah S, Virgilio M, De Meyer M. 2015. Preference of Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) for three commercial fruit vegetable hosts in natural and semi-natural conditions. Fruits 70: 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits/2015034.
Nanga Nanga S, Hanna R, Gnanvossou D, Fotso Kuate A, Fiaboe KKM, Djieto-Lordon C. 2019. Fruit preference, parasitism, and offspring fitness of Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) exposed to Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) infested fruit species. Environ Entomol 48: 1286–1296. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz114.
Ndiaye O, Ndiaye S, Djiba S, Tidiane Ba C, Vaughan L, Rey J-Y, Vayssières J-F. 2015. Preliminary surveys after release of the fruit fly parasitoid Fopius arisanus Sonan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in mango production systems in Casamance (Senegal). Fruits 70: 91–99. https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits/2015001.
Owens D, Nuessly GS, Gates M. 2015. Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) as a potential natural enemy of maize-infesting Ulidiidae. Florida Entomologist 98: 276–279.
Purcell MF. 1998. Contribution of biological control to integrated pest management of tephritid fruit flies in the tropics and subtropics. Integr Pest Manag Rev 3: 63–83. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009647429498.
Purcell MF, Jackson CG, Long JP, Batchelor MA. 1994. Influence of guava ripening on parasitism of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), byDiachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Other Parasitoids. Biol Control 4: 396–403. https://doi.org/10.1006/bcon.1994.1050.
Quilici S, Rousse P. 2012. Location of Host and Host Habitat by Fruit Fly Parasitoids. Insects 3: 1220–1235.
Steck GJ, Gilstrap FE, Wharton RA, Hart WG. 1986. Braconid parasitoids of Tephritidae (Diptera) infesting coffee and other fruits in west-central Africa. Entomophaga 31: 59–67.
Suchel J-B. 1988. Les climats du Cameroun. Université de Saint-Etienne, 9, rue Théodore-de-Banville
Vargas RI, Leblanc L, Harris EJ, Manoukis NC. 2012. Regional suppression of Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Pacific through Biological Control and Prospects for future introductions into other areas of the world. Insects: 3(3):727–742. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects3030727.
Vayssières J-F, Wharton R. Delvare G, Sanogo F. 2002. Diversity and pest control potential of hymenopteran parasitoids of Ceratitis spp. on mangos in Mali, Proceedings of 6th International Fruit Fly Symposium, Stellenbosch, South Africa. pp. 461–464.
Vayssières J-F, Wharton RA, Adandonon A, Sinzogan A. 2011. Preliminary inventory of parasitoids associated with fruit flies in mangoes, guavas, cashew, pepper and wild fruit crops in Benin. BioControl 56: 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-010-9313-y.
Vayssières J-F, Adandonon A, N’Diaye O, Sinzogan A, Kooymann C, Badji K, Rey J-Y, Wharton RA. 2012. Native parasitoids associated with fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in cultivated and wild fruit crops in Casamance, Senegal. Afri Entomol 20: 308–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.4001/003.020.0221.
Wharton RA, Gilstrap FE. 1983. Key to and Status of Opiine Braconid (Hymenoptera) Parasitoids Used in biological control of Ceratitis and Dacus s. l. (Diptera: Tephritidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 76: 721–742. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/76.4.721.
Yu DSK, Achterberg CV, Horstmann K. 2016. Ichneumonoidea 2015, Database on flash-drive. Taxapad Nepean, Ontario, Canada. www.taxapad.com
Zhao ZH, Liu JH, He DH, Guan XQ, Liu WH. 2013. Species composition and diversity of parasitoids and hyper-parasitoids in different wheat agro-farming systems. J Insect Sci 13:162. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.013.16201.
Zida I, Nacro S, Dabiré RA, Moquet L, Haran J, Delatte H.. 2022. Native hymenopteran parasitoids associated with fruit-infesting flies in three plant formations and prospects for biological control in Western Burkina Faso, West Africa. Agri For Entomol 24: 114–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12476.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Didi Gaelle Mokam, Champlain Djiéto-Lordon, LEONARD SIMON NGAMO TINKEU, Pascal Rousse, Gérard Delvare, Charles Félix Bilong Bilong
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
.png){kind=spacer}